Eficiencia en la distribución de medicamentos en las droguerías cubanas durante el año 2016 / Efficiency in the distribution of medicines in Cuban drugstores during the year 2016

Introducción: El estudio de la eficiencia de la distribución mayorista de los medicamentos debe tener en cuenta, no solo el cumplimiento de los indicadores clásicos económicos, sino también, en qué medida se está garantizando el nivel de abastecimiento de los diferentes surtidos para cada unidad. Objetivo: Evaluar, desde una perspectiva integral, la eficiencia de la distribución mayorista de medicamentos y otros productos farmacéuticos realizada en Cuba durante el año 2016. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y por trimestres para el año 2016. Se evaluó la rentabilidad, productividad y eficiencia técnica de escala de las 16 droguerías con que cuenta el país, para lo cual se planteó la resolución del análisis envolvente de datos, que se basó en la utilización del software libre OSDEA. Resultados: Se cumplieron las ventas y los ciclos de distribución, pero no se logró la cobertura por producto. Los recursos humanos y los gastos por recursos para la transportación se comportaron en el margen de lo planificado, pero se incrementó el gasto de las operaciones. Todas las droguerías funcionaron en el nivel de eficiencia planificada en cuanto a los indicadores financieros, sin embargo, el 10 por ciento de las unidades resultaron ineficientes según el indicador eficiencia técnica de escala. Discusión: La distribución mayorista de los medicamentos se realizó en 2016 con altos niveles de eficiencia. El análisis integral permitió identificar droguerías ineficientes por lo que este continúa siendo un tema a desarrollar. Las droguerías ineficientes deben revisar tanto el nivel de resultados como el de recursos consumidos para alcanzar niveles de eficiencia similares al de sus pares de referencia(AU)

Introduction: The study of the efficiency of the wholesale distribution of medicines must take into account not only the compliance with the classic economic indicators but also to what extent the supply level of the different assortments for each unit is being guaranteed. Objectives: To evaluate the efficiency from an integral perspective, of the wholesale distribution of medicines and other pharmaceutical products, in Cuba in 2016. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and quarterly research was developed for the year 2016. The profitability, productivity and technical efficiency of scale of the 16 drugstores in the country were evaluated. For what was propoused the resolve of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), wich was based on the use of the free software OSDEA. Results: Sales and distribution cycles were met, but coverage by product was not achieved. The human resources and the expenses for basic resources for the transportation behaved in the margin of what was planned, but the expenses of the operations increased. All the drugstores worked at the level of efficiency planned in terms of financial indicators, however 10 percent of the units were inefficient based on the technical efficiency of scale. Conclusions: The wholesale distribution of medicines was carried out in 2016 with high levels of efficiency. The comprehensive analysis allowed identifying inefficient drugstores so this continues to be a topic to be developed. Inefficient drugstores should review both the level of results and that of resources consumed to achieve efficiency levels similar to those of their reference peers(AU)

Diffusion of the e-SUS Primary Care innovation in Family Health Teams / Difusión de la innovación e-SUS Atención Primaria en Equipos de Salud de la Familia / Difusão da inovação e-SUS Atenção Básica em Equipes de Saúde da Família

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the diffusion of e-SUS Primary Care innovation in Family Health Teams. Method: A qualitative approach case study, based on Innovation Diffusion Theory and Technology Acceptance Model. We conducted 62 interviews and observation of professionals from Family Health Teams in six municipalities of Minas Gerais State, between March 2016 and January 2017. The data were treated through Categorical Thematic Content Analysis and, systematized, with Atlas.ti software . Results: It was verified that although the e-SUS Primary Care strategy is recognized as a technological innovation, situations predominate that weaken its acceptance as: incompatibilities with the work process; sudden deployment, poor training; work overload; resistance; and negative impacts on health care. Conclusion: The diffusion of the e-SUS Primary Care strategy as a technological innovation has presented potential situations of its rejection, conforming as challenges to be overcome.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la difusión de la innovación e-SUS Atención Primaria en Equipos de Salud de la Familia. Método: Estudio de caso de abordaje cualitativo, fundamentado en la Teoría de la Difusión de la Innovación y Modelo de Aceptación de Tecnologías. Se realizaron 62 entrevistas y observación de profesionales de Equipos de Salud de la Familia en seis municipios de Minas Gerais, entre marzo de 2016 y enero de 2017. Los datos fueron tratados a través del Análisis de Contenido Temático Categorial y, sistematizados, con el software Atlas.ti. Resultados: Se verificó que a pesar de que la estrategia e-SUS Atención Primaria es reconocida como una innovación tecnológica, predominan situaciones que debilitan su aceptación como: incompatibilidades con el proceso de trabajo; implantación de forma súbita, capacitación deficiente; sobrecarga de trabajo; resistencia; e impactos negativos sobre la asistencia. Conclusión: La difusión de la estrategia e-SUS Atención Primaria como una innovación tecnológica ha presentado situaciones potencializadoras de su rechazo, conformándose como desafíos a ser superados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a difusão da inovação e-SUS Atenção Básica em Equipes de Saúde da Família. Método: Estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na Teoria da Difusão da Inovação e Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologias. Realizamos 62 entrevistas e observação de profissionais de Equipes de Saúde da Família em seis municípios de Minas Gerais, entre março de 2016 e janeiro de 2017. Os dados foram tratados através da Análise de Conteúdo Temático Categorial e, sistematizados, com o software Atlas.ti. Resultados: Verificou-se que apesar de a estratégia e-SUS Atenção Básica ser reconhecida como uma inovação tecnológica, predominam situações que fragilizam a sua aceitação como: incompatibilidades com o processo de trabalho; implantação de forma súbita, capacitação deficiente; sobrecarga de trabalho; resistências; e impactos negativos sobre a assistência. Conclusão: A difusão da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Básica como uma inovação tecnológica tem apresentado situações potencializadoras de sua rejeição, conformando-se como desafios a serem superados.

Efficiency in the operational process: reduction of incorrect entries and guarantee of compliance in the rendering of accounts / Eficiência no processo operacional: redução dos lançamentos incorretos e garantia de compliance na prestação de contas

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the impact of the Lean Six Sigma methodology in reducing incorrect entries of non-appropriated revenues and expenses. Methods Process for the review and application of the Lean Six Sigma methodology between December 2015 and September 2016, in a high-complexity general hospital in the city of São Paulo (SP). Results A total of 3,756,814 (100%) entries were audited between December 2015 and September 2016. The Sigma level evolved over the course of the process and increased from 3.44 Sigma in December 2015 to 5.92 Sigma in September 2016. Entries classified as non-appropriated revenues and expenses were brought down to 0% at the end of the study. Conclusion The use of the Lean Six Sigma methodology was efficient in reducing incorrect entries, calculating costs, ensuring compliance in rendering of accounts and accurately determining cost-outcome ratios.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o impacto da metodologia Lean Seis Sigma na redução de lançamentos incorretos de receitas e despesas não apropriadas. Métodos Processo de revisão e aplicação de metodologia Lean Seis Sigma, no período de dezembro de 2015 e setembro de 2016, em um hospital geral de alta complexidade da cidade de São Paulo (SP). Resultados Foram auditados 3.756.814 (100%) lançamentos durante os meses de dezembro de 2015 e setembro de 2016. O nível Sigma foi demonstrado na evolução do processo e aumentou de 3,44 Sigma, em dezembro de 2015, para 5,92 Sigma, em setembro de 2016. Os lançamentos classificados como receitas e despesas não apropriadas chegaram a 0% ao término do estudo. Conclusão O uso da metodologia Lean Seis Sigma foi eficiente na redução de lançamentos incorretos, na apuração correta de custos, na garantia de compliance na prestação de contas e na acurácia no projeto de custos e desfechos.

Health production and determinants of health systems performance in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

This descriptive-analytical study used data envelopment analysis to evaluated the technical efficiency [TE] of health systems in Member States of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region during 2004-2011. Life expectancy and infant mortality were used as outputs. Per capita total expenditure on health, and number of physicians, nurses and midwives and hospital beds per 1000 people were used as inputs. The determinants of TE of the health systems were examined using a regression model. United Arab Emirates and Somalia had the most efficient health systems with a TE score of 1. Djibouti and Libya had the most inefficient health systems, with TE scores of 0.346 and 0.435, respectively. The most important determinants of TE were the level of education and gross domestic product per capita. The relationship between unemployment and out-of-pocket health expenditure was not significantly associated with TE of the health systems. To improve TE of the health systems, countries should focus on individuals' empowerment in education and income level, rather than only on providing healthcare services

Avaliação da eficiência do acolhimento nas unidades de saúde da família do município do Recife, por meio da análise envoltória de dados - DEA / Evaluation of the efficiency of the reception in the health units of the family of the city of Recife, by means of the data envelope analysis - DEA

A avaliação do desempenho da assistência à saúde na Atenção Básica, e o aperfeiçoamento da eficiência técnica das ações, com a finalidade de subsidiar a gestão no planejamento e melhorar a qualidade da assistência prestada à população, é imperativa. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência no atendimento das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município do Recife e qual o impacto do Acolhimento sobre a mesma. Utilizou-se a metodologia Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), modelo BCC, com orientação para o produto. Foram utilizadas informações disponíveis na base de dados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB), no período de 2005 a 2014, as variáveis selecionadas como inputs foram o número de médicos, número de enfermeiros e número de pessoas cadastradas por USF, e como outputs o número de consultas realizadas pelos médicos e enfermeiros das unidades. O trabalho conseguiu mapear a eficiência das USF da cidade do Recife, baseadas nos seus indicadores de produtividade quantitativos. Os resultados demonstraram que entre as 105 unidades estudadas na amostra, para todos os anos, o índice global ficou com média em torno de 0,54. Não havendo grande evolução dos índices de eficiência relativa após o início do Acolhimento. Contudo, quando a avaliação é feita em nível de Distrito Sanitário a distribuição fica mais próxima de 1. Dessa forma, os resultados exibidos podem servir para futuras investigações na Atenção Básica, assim como auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisões e como instrumento gerencial.(AU)

The evaluation of the health care performance in Primary Care and the improvement of the technical efficiency of the actions, in order to subsidize the management in the planning and to improve the quality of the assistance provided to the population, is imperative. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the Family Health Units (FHU) in the city of Recife and the impact of the Reception on it. The data-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, was used for product orientation. Information available in the Basic Care Information System (SIAB) database was used, from 2005 to 2014, the variables selected as inputs were the number of physicians, number of nurses and number of persons enrolled by FHU, and how outputs the number of consultations performed by the doctors and nurses of the units. The work was able to map the efficiency of the USF of the city of Recife, based on its quantitative productivity indicators. The results showed that among the 105 units studied in the sample, for all years, the overall index averaged around 0.54. There was no major evolution of the relative efficiency indexes after the start of the Reception. However, when the evaluation is done at the Sanitary District level, the distribution is closer to 1. Thus, the results displayed may serve for future investigations in Primary Care, as well as assist in the decision-making process and as a management tool.(AU)

Efficiency of an Automated Reception and Turnaround Time Management System for the Phlebotomy Room

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in laboratory information systems have largely been focused on automation. However, the phlebotomy services have not been completely automated. To address this issue, we introduced an automated reception and turnaround time (TAT) management system, for the first time in Korea, whereby the patient's information is transmitted directly to the actual phlebotomy site and the TAT for each phlebotomy step can be monitored at a glance. METHODS: The GNT5 system (Energium Co., Ltd., Korea) was installed in June 2013. The automated reception and TAT management system has been in operation since February 2014. Integration of the automated reception machine with the GNT5 allowed for direct transmission of laboratory order information to the GNT5 without involving any manual reception step. We used the mean TAT from reception to actual phlebotomy as the parameter for evaluating the efficiency of our system. RESULTS: Mean TAT decreased from 5:45 min to 2:42 min after operationalization of the system. The mean number of patients in queue decreased from 2.9 to 1.0. Further, the number of cases taking more than five minutes from reception to phlebotomy, defined as the defect rate, decreased from 20.1% to 9.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of automated reception and TAT management system was associated with a decrease of overall TAT and an improved workflow at the phlebotomy room.

An assessment of the quality indicators of operative and non-operative times in a public university hospital / Avaliação dos indicadores de qualidade de tempo operatório e não operatório de um hospital universitário público

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the operative time indicators in a public university hospital. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data from operating room database. The sample was obtained from January 2011 to January 2012. The operations performed in sequence in the same operating room, between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, elective or emergency, were included. The procedures with incomplete data in the system were excluded, as well as the operations performed after 5:00 pm or on weekends or holidays. Results We measured the operative and non-operative time of 8,420 operations. The operative time (mean and standard deviation) of anesthesias and operations were 177.6±110 and 129.8±97.1 minutes, respectively. The total time of the patient in operative room (mean and standard deviation) was 196.8±113.2. The non-operative time, e.g., between the arrival of the patient and the onset of anesthesia was 14.3±17.3 minutes. The time to set the next patient in operating room was 119.8±79.6 minutes. Our total non-operative time was 155 minutes. Conclusion Delays frequently occurred in our operating room and had a major effect on patient flow and resource utilization. The non-operative time was longer than the operative time. It is possible to increase the operating room capacity by management and training of the professionals involved. The indicators provided a tool to improve operating room efficiency.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os indicadores de tempo do centro cirúrgico de um hospital universitário para melhoraria de sua eficiência. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal a partir da base de dados da tecnologia da informação do centro cirúrgico. A amostra foi obtida a partir de janeiro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012. Foram incluídas as operações realizadas em sequência na mesma sala cirúrgica, das 7 às 17h, eletivas ou de urgências. Os procedimentos com dados incompletos no sistema foram excluídos, assim como as operações depois das 17h ou realizadas em fins de semana ou feriados. Resultados Foi medido o tempo operatório e não operatório de 8.420 operações realizadas. Os tempos operatórios (média e desvio padrão) de anestesia e de cirurgia foram 177,6±110 e 129,8±97,1 minutos, respectivamente. O tempo total do paciente em sala cirúrgica (média e desvio padrão) foi de 196,8±113,2. O tempo não operatório, por exemplo, entre a chegada do paciente e o início da anestesia, foi de 14,3±17,3 minutos. O tempo de preparo e entrada do próximo paciente na sala cirúrgica foi 119,8±79,6 minutos. O tempo não operatório total foi de 155 minutos. Conclusão Atrasos frequentes ocorreram nas salas de cirurgia e tiveram um grande efeito sobre o fluxo de pacientes e a utilização de recursos. O tempo não operatório foi maior que o operatório. Portanto, é possível aumentar a capacidade do centro cirúrgico por meio da gestão e do treinamento dos profissionais envolvidos. Os indicadores oferecem uma ferramenta para melhorar a eficiência das salas de cirurgia.

Oportunidades y retos de la medición de la eficiencia organizacional de las farmacias comunitarias cubanas / Opportunities and challenges of the measurement of organizational efficiency in the Cuban community pharmacies

En Cuba, el sector de la salud está inmerso en la implementación de las transformaciones necesarias que se dirigen al uso eficiente y racional de los recursos, las farmacias comunitarias no escapan a este llamado. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis crítico de las oportunidades y retos existente para la medición de la eficiencia organizacional de los servicios farmacéuticos comunitarios cubanos. La realidad sanitaria cubana actual ofrece entre los elementos de oportunidad: el contexto político, la inserción de los servicios farmacéuticos como parte del Sistema Nacional de Salud y las experiencias previas metodológicas. A la vez, existen varios retos como: la complejidad de la selección y medida de los resultados, la calidad de la información disponible y el desencuentro entre el tratamiento de estas unidades como empresas o como unidades de salud. Los estudios de eficiencia organizacional de las farmacias comunitarias cubanas constituyen una demanda y una necesidad del perfeccionamiento de la salud pública, pero a la vez constituyen un reto debido al entorno organizacional singular que las caracteriza. Se impone rescatar la visión de las farmacias comunitarias como instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud y no solo como unidades empresariales expendedoras de medicamentos(AU)

The health sector in Cuba is immersed in the implementation of necessary changes for the rational and efficient use of resources, a process in which the community pharmacies are also included. The present paper made a critical analysis of the opportunities and challenges of the measurement of organizational efficiency in the Cuban community pharmacy services. The Cuban health realities currently offer opportunity elements such as the political context, the insertion of pharmacy services into the national health system and previous methodological experiences. At the same time, there are several challenges to be met as the complexity of selection and measurement of results, the quality of available information and the differences as to dealing with these units as enterprises or as health units. The organizational efficiency studies in the Cuban community pharmacies are both a demand of and a requirement for the public health improvement, but they are in turn a challenge due to their peculiar organizational environment. Recovering the vision of community pharmacies as health service providers rather than entrepreneurial drug sale units is a must(AU)

[Assessment of performance of the hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences by use of Pabon Lasso Model [2007-2011]]

One of the useful methods to assess hospital performance is Pabon Lasso Model. The aim of this study was to assess performance of the hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences by Pabon Lasso Model from 2007 to 2011. In this cross sectional study we used turnover rate, bed occupancy rate and the average duration of hospitalization as our indicators to assess the performance of 12 hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences by Pabon Lasso Model from 2007 to 2011. We used Excel software for data analysis. In this study we found a bed occupancy rate of 62.5% and a bed turnover rate of 79.2 times. The average duration of hospitalization was 3.4 days. One [8%] hospital was located in zone 1, four [33%] hospitals in zone 2, five [42%] hospitals in zone 3 and two [17%] hospitals in zone 4. According to the results of this study it can be suggested that the development of outpatient services, transmission of beds between the hospitals and prevention of development and extension of medical center scan be considered as the main strategies for increasing the efficiency of the hospitals

Análisis de la eficiencia técnica hospitalaria 2011 / Analysis of hospital technical efficiency during 2011

Background: Efficiency in the use ofresources in health systems and hospitals has been a matter ofinterestfor administrators as well asforpolicy makers. The growing costs due to higher levéis of demand from the population require a better use and allocation ofsuch costs. Aim: To assess the technical efficiency in 28 hospitals in Chile, considering the period from May to October, 2011. Material and Methods: The average number ofavailable beds, the number ofstaffand the expenses on consumer and service goods were used as production inputs and, on the other hand, the expenditures adjusted by the Diagnosis-Related Groups (IR-DRG) were used as producís. To assess the technical efficiency, the Data Envelopment Analysis technique was used. Results: The levéis of inefficiency fluctuóte from 20 to 23.3%. In other words, with a 20% increase in hospital discharges and maintainingfixed inputs, hospitals could become efficient. Conclusions: The incorporation of methodologies to determine efficiency allows gathering new knowledge for people who manage resources as well asforpolicy makers by optimizing practices and having better allocation criteria.

[Technical efficiency measurement of social security hospitals]

Hospitals as one of the major institutions providing health care services within the health sector utilize a high percentage of the sector's key resources to respond to the needs of consumers. The aim of the present study was to identify factors affecting technical, scale and management efficiency of the Social Security Organization [SSO] hospitals during the period 2007-2009 and find ways to improve the efficiency of inefficient hospitals. A total of 65 SSO hospitals active during the period 2007-2009 were included in the study. Data envelopment analysis was used assuming constant return to scale of production [CRS]. To distinguish between management and scale efficiency of hospital units, the study used input-oriented model [BCC] assuming variable return to scale [VRS]. The findings showed that small hospitals with less than, and large hospitals with more than, 100 active beds have 11% and 8.8% surplus inputs, respectively, the surplus inputs being medical and nursing staff, other personnel, as well as active beds for hospital services. In addition, the impact factors of medical staff, nursing staff, other personnel, and active beds were 24%, 9.8%, 11.7% and 16.8% for small hospitals' efficiency and 25.7%, 18%, 21.7% and 30.7% for large hospitals' efficiency, respectively. Considering the average scale and management scores derived for efficiency measurement, it is recommended that the Social Security Organization hospitals reduce their surplus costs and increase their output products and services to achieve the optimum level of efficiency

Avaliação de desempenho e integração docente-assistencial nos hospitais universitários / Evaluación del desempeño e integración docente-asistencial en los hospitales universitarios / Assessment of teaching-health care integration and performance in university hospitals

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho e a integração entre as dimensões de assistência e de ensino dos hospitais universitários brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Um modelo de data envelopment analysis em redes (network DEA) foi elaborado para aferir o desempenho de hospitais universitários federais, o qual permite considerar a relação entre as dimensões de ensino e de assistência, simultaneamente. Foram utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informação dos Hospitais Universitários do Ministério da Educação, referentes ao segundo semestre de 2003, e os resultados do modelo network foram comparados àqueles dos modelos DEA tradicionais para avaliação das vantagens da nova proposta metodológica. RESULTADOS: A eficiência dos hospitais avaliados variou entre 0,19 e 1,00 (média = 0,54)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance and integration between the health care and teaching dimensions in Brazilian university hospitals. METHODS: A network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was designed to measure the performance of federal university hospitals, which enables the relationship between the teaching and health care dimensions to be considered simultaneously. Data from the Ministry of Education Information System of University Hospitals, in the second semester of 2003, were used. Results of the network model were compared to those of classical DEA models to assess the advantages of the new methodological proposal. RESULTS: The efficiency of the hospitals assessed varied between 0.19 and 1.00 (mean = 0.54)...

Impacto da reforma de financiamento de hospitais de ensino no Brasil / Impacto de la reforma del financiamiento de hospitales de enseñanza en Brasil / Impact of the funding reform of teaching hospitals in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da reforma de financiamento na produtividade de hospitais de ensino. MÉTODOS: A partir do Sistema de Informações dos Hospitais Universitários Federais, foram construídas fronteiras de eficiência e produtividade em 2003 e 2006 com técnicas de programação linear, por meio de análise envoltória de dados, considerando retornos variáveis de escala e orientação a input. Calculou-se o Índice de Malmquist para identificar mudanças de desempenho ao longo dos anos quanto à eficiência técnica (razão entre os escores de eficiência em tempos distintos) e eficiência tecnológica (deslocamento da fronteira no período considerado). RESULTADOS: Houve aumento do aporte financeiro em 51% e da eficiência técnica dos hospitais de ensino (de 11, passaram a ser 17 na fronteira empírica de eficiência), o mesmo não ocorrendo com a fronteira tecnológica. O uso de análise envoltória de dados estabeleceu os benchmarks para as unidades ineficientes (antes e depois da reforma) e os escores de eficiência mostraram uma possível correlação entre a eficiência técnica encontrada e a intensidade e dedicação de ensino. CONCLUSÕES: A reforma permitiu o desenvolvimento de melhorias gerenciais, mas é necessário maior tempo de acompanhamento para observar mudanças mais efetivas do modelo de financiamento.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of funding reform on the productivity of teaching hospitals. METHODS: Based on the Information System of Federal University Hospitals of Brazil, 2003 and 2006 efficiency and productivity were measured using frontier methods with a linear programming technique, data envelopment analysis, and input-oriented variable returns to scale model. The Malmquist index was calculated to detect changes during the study period: "technical efficiency change," or the relative variation of the efficiency of each unit; and "technological change" after frontier shift. RESULTS: There was 51% mean budget increase and improvement of technical efficiency of teaching hospitals (previously 11, 17 hospitals reached the empirical efficiency frontier) but the same was not seen for the technology frontier. Data envelopment analysis set benchmark scores for each inefficient unit (before and after reform) and there was a positive correlation between technical efficiency and teaching intensity and dedication. CONCLUSIONS: The reform promoted management improvements but there is a need of further follow-up to assess the effectiveness of funding changes.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de la reforma de financiamiento en la productividad de hospitales de enseñanza. MÉTODOS: A partir del Sistema de Informaciones de los Hospitales Universitarios Federales de Brasil, se construyeron fronteras de eficiencia y productividad en 2003 y 2006 con técnicas de programación linear, por medio de análisis envoltorio de datos, considerando retornos variables de escala y orientación a input. Se calculó el Índice de Malmquist para identificar cambios de desempeño a lo largo de los años con relación a la eficiencia técnica (cociente entre los puntajes de eficiencia en tiempos distintos) y eficiencia tecnológica (desplazamiento de la frontera en el período considerado). RESULTADOS: Hubo aumento del aporte financiero en 51% y de la eficiencia técnica de los hospitales de enseñanza (de 11, pasaron a ser 17 en la frontera empírica de eficiencia), no ocurriendo el mismo con la frontera tecnológica. El uso del análisis envoltorio de datos estableció los benchmarks para las unidades ineficientes (antes y después de la reforma) y los puntajes de eficiencia mostraron una posible correlación entre la eficiencia técnica encontrada y la intensidad y dedicación de enseñanza. CONCLUSIONES: La reforma permitió el desarrollo de mejoras gerenciales, pero es necesario mayor tiempo de acompañamiento para observar cambios más efectivos del modelo de financiamiento.

Students' portfolio: a new trend to assess the fourth year nurse students' mastery of the administrative skills

This study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing in Assiut University to apply students' portfolio as a new trend to assess the fourth year student's mastery of the administrative skills. The study sample consisted of 60 students classified as thirty experimental group and thirty control group. Data collected through students' assessment by applying students' portfolio as assessment tool. Data collection took about two months. The results revealed that using of students' portfolios leads to enhancement of student's personal and professional level. At the area of administrative skills they become able to achieve assignment sheet accurately, they become excellent in performing daily shift report, gain ability to completion of patient cards effectively, identify patient needs, and describe the proper nursing care according to priorities. They are able to use proper documentations at different types of hospital departments, while the control group improved at the assignment sheet, daily shift report and patient cards to some extent and did not have new skills as the experimental groups

Mejoramiento de la evaluación de productividad en areas de salud / Improvement of the evaluation of productivity in areas of health

La evaluación la productividad que se aplica en los servicios de consulta ambulatoria del Area de Salud 8 de Cotocollao, reporta resultados solo cuantitativos encontrándose diferencia de la productividad trimestral y anual, entre unidades operativas del Area originando insatisfacción de autoridades y de usuarios internos en la aplicabilidad del instrumento, identificándose como problema a la información que allimenta al mismo, por ser insuficiente, con indicadores de productividad cualitativos ausentes, y sin un estándar que permita operacionalizar la evaluación y su monitorieo, limitándole al gerente, planificar procesos con los usuarios internos

Sistema de classificaçäo de pacientes: relaçäo entre horas de assitência de enfermagem e indicadores de produtividade e qualidade hospitalar / System of patients classification: relationship between time of nursing care and indicators of productivity and quality of hospital assistance

A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de relacionar as horas de assitência de enfermagem, de acordo com a complexidade assitencial e categoria profissional, da Unidade de Clínica Médica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (HU-USP), com indicadores de qualidade e produtividade hospitalar. Foram considerados, nesse estudo, como indicadores de produtividade, a taxa de ocupação e a média de permanência e como indicadores de qualidade, o coeficiente de mortalidade e a taxa de infecção hospitalar. Os resultados demonstraram uma possível correlação entre a diminuição das horas de assitência do enfermeiro e o aumento da taxa de infecção hospitalar, no cuidado intensivo